{"id":27,"date":"2020-05-19T20:47:04","date_gmt":"2020-05-19T20:47:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/?page_id=27"},"modified":"2025-11-04T17:25:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T17:25:24","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;16&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; image_hovers=&#8221;false&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Research projects<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20px&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">We use a number of approaches to carry out our research, including creation of numerous mutant and transgenic lines to examine gene function and image cells as they build the heart in real time. In collaboration with Dr. Michael Wilson at SickKids, we use sophisticated genomics approaches to discover genetic elements key to cardiac development and disease. By defining what is conserved between zebrafish and human, a gap that spans over 400 million years of evolution, we are starting to define the critical drivers of heart development and disease. Combined with the explosion of human genome sequences that are available, we aim to pinpoint the key genetic events that lead to cardiovascular disease, and that can be exploited for therapies. Further, the embryonic heart development program is re-deployed during adult zebrafish cardiac regeneration. We are therefore interested in studying the ability of key developmental gene regulatory networks to drive a regenerative response.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the long term, this knowledge will be used to devise therapies based on activating regenerative pathways to heal the damaged heart, and using zebrafish embryos to screen for potential drugs to alleviate the burden of congenital heart defects and other diseases. Discovering how zebrafish cardiac progenitors are made and develop will therefore drive future efforts to repair what is at present irreparable heart disease. Given the common progenitors shared between the heart and craniofacial muscles, a further area of growing interest is in how pharyngeal mesoderm development is controlled and uncovering pathways that can lead to orofacial clefting and other forms of craniofacial malformations.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_empty_space]<div class=\"dt-fancy-separator h3-size\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><div class=\"dt-fancy-title\" style=\"color: #e4d700;\"><span class=\"separator-holder separator-left\"><\/span>CURRENT PROJECTS<span class=\"separator-holder separator-right\"><\/span><\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<div id=\"advanced-tabs-desc-wrap-5882\" class=\"ult_tabs \" style=\" \" data-tabsstyle=\"style1\"\n data-titlebg=\"#c1c1c1\" data-titlecolor=\"#000000\" data-fullheight=\"on\"\n data-titlehoverbg=\"#878787\" data-titlehovercolor=\"#fcfcfc\"\n data-rotatetabs=\"0\" data-responsivemode=\"Both\" data-animation=\"Slide\"\ndata-activetitle=\"#000000\" data-activeicon=\"\" data-activebg=\"#de4561\"  data-respmode=\"Accordion\" data-respwidth=\"1000\" data-scroll = \"on\" data-activeindex=\"1\"><ul id=advanced-tabs-wrap-8205 class=\"ult_tabmenu style1 Style_6\" style=\"color:transparent;border-bottom-color:transparent;border-bottom-width:0px;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><li class=\"ult_tab_li ult_tab_style_6  \" data-iconcolor=\"#74777b\" data-iconhover=\"#ffffff\" style=\"background-color:#c1c1c1;border-top-left-radius:8px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#1591287817009-6\" id=\"1591287817009-6\" style=\"color:#000000;;border-color:#f7f7f7; padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;\" class=\"ult_a \">\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span class=\"ult_tab_main  Both \">\n\t\t\t\t\t    <span class=\"ult_tab_section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t<span  data-ultimate-target='#advanced-tabs-wrap-8205 .ult-span-text'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:18px;\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"ult-span-text ult-responsive\" style=\"\">Early Cardiac Lineages<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t<span class=\"aio-icon none ult_tab_iconright\" style=\"color:#74777b;font-size:15px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t<i class=\"   ult_tab_icon\"  ><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li><li class=\"ult_tab_li ult_tab_style_6  \" data-iconcolor=\"#74777b\" data-iconhover=\"#ffffff\" style=\"background-color:#c1c1c1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#1591287817040-2\" id=\"1591287817040-2\" style=\"color:#000000;;border-color:#f7f7f7; padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;\" class=\"ult_a \">\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span class=\"ult_tab_main  Both \">\n\t\t\t\t\t    <span class=\"ult_tab_section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t<span  data-ultimate-target='#advanced-tabs-wrap-8205 .ult-span-text'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:18px;\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"ult-span-text ult-responsive\" style=\"\">Conserved Enhancers in Heart Development and Disease<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t<span class=\"aio-icon none ult_tab_iconright\" style=\"color:#74777b;font-size:15px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t<i class=\"   ult_tab_icon\"  ><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li><li class=\"ult_tab_li ult_tab_style_6  \" data-iconcolor=\"#74777b\" data-iconhover=\"#ffffff\" style=\"background-color:#c1c1c1;border-top-right-radius:8px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#1591287883343-2-6\" id=\"1591287883343-2-6\" style=\"color:#000000;;border-color:#f7f7f7; padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;\" class=\"ult_a \">\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span class=\"ult_tab_main  Both \">\n\t\t\t\t\t    <span class=\"ult_tab_section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t<span  data-ultimate-target='#advanced-tabs-wrap-8205 .ult-span-text'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:18px;\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"ult-span-text ult-responsive\" style=\"\">Cardiopharyngeal Development<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t<span class=\"aio-icon none ult_tab_iconright\" style=\"color:#74777b;font-size:15px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t<i class=\"   ult_tab_icon\"  ><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li><\/ul><div  data-ultimate-target='#advanced-tabs-desc-wrap-5882 .ult_tabcontent .ult_tab_min_contain  p'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}' class=\"ult_tabcontent ult-responsive style1\" style=\"color:#f4f4f4;\"><div class=\"ult_tab_min_contain \" >\n\t\t\t<div  class=\"ult_tabitemname\"  >\n\t\t\t\t[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20px&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\">Trainees working on this project: <\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\">Nathan Stutt, Gwynn McLeod, Simon Monis (Wilson Lab)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"hr-thick\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"gap\" style=\"line-height: 15px; height: 15px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW129987073 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW129987073 BCX4\">We have a major interest in the earliest events of heart development that regulate how cardiac progenitors, the building blocks of the heart, are first specified and diversified. Our early work with the <em>grinch<\/em> mutant has shown that function of the Apelin receptor GPCR (Aplnr) is essential for cardiac development, with <em>aplnr\/a\/b<\/em> mutants being heartless. This appears to be due to defects in the cardiac lineage at the earliest events of development, as gastrulation is progressing. To address this, we collaborate with the lab of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wilsonlab.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. Michael Wilson<\/a><\/strong> at SickKids to undertake single-cell RNAseq and ATACseq analysis of the initial stages of cardiac development in both wild type and heartless (aplnra\/b and gata5\/6 loss-of-function) models. We have found that regulation of gata5 expression is a key event in diversification of cardiopharyngeal lineages, a mechanism that we are actively studying. This work will lead to the key gene regulatory networks that govern the earliest events of cardiac lineage specification.<\/span><\/span><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20px&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<section class=\"shortcode-teaser frame-on fadeIn animate-element\"><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-img\"><a class=\"layzr-bg rollover rollover-zoom dt-pswp-item\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2020\/06\/gata5GFP_irx1b_cyp26c1_13hpf-e1591300767373.jpg\" title=\"Patterning of the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm at 13 hours post-fertilization: gata5:GFP-positive cardiac mesoderm is in close proximity to irx1b and cyp26c1 expressing pharyngeal mesoderm.\" data-dt-img-description=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 800 800&#039;%2F%3E\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" alt=\"Patterning of the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm at 13 hours post-fertilization: gata5:GFP-positive cardiac mesoderm is in close proximity to irx1b and cyp26c1 expressing pharyngeal mesoderm.\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2020\/06\/gata5GFP_irx1b_cyp26c1_13hpf-e1591300767373.jpg 800w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2020\/06\/gata5GFP_irx1b_cyp26c1_13hpf-e1591300767373.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-content text-normal\"><p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\">Patterning of the <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW253080630 BCX4\">cardiopharyngeal<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\"> mesoderm at 13 hours post-fertilization: <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\">gata<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"ContextualSpellingAndGrammarError SCXW253080630 BCX4\">5:GFP<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\">-positive cardiac mesoderm is in close proximity to <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\">irx1b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\"> and <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\">cyp26c1 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\">expressing pharyngeal mesoderm.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW253080630 BCX4\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<section class=\"shortcode-teaser frame-on fadeIn animate-element\"><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-img\"><a class=\"layzr-bg rollover rollover-zoom dt-pswp-item\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2020\/06\/6_to_13hpf_lineage-scaled-e1591300829136.jpg\" title=\"Lineage progression of gata5:GFP-positive mesendoderm from 6 to 13 hours post-fertilization (hpf), assembled from single cell RNA-seq data at 6, 8, 10 and 13 hpf data.\" data-dt-img-description=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 799 799&#039;%2F%3E\" width=\"799\" height=\"799\" alt=\"Lineage progression of gata5:GFP-positive mesendoderm from 6 to 13 hours post-fertilization (hpf), assembled from single cell RNA-seq data at 6, 8, 10 and 13 hpf data.\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2020\/06\/6_to_13hpf_lineage-scaled-e1591300829136.jpg 799w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2020\/06\/6_to_13hpf_lineage-scaled-e1591300829136.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-content text-normal\"><p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\">Lineage progression of <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\">gata<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"ContextualSpellingAndGrammarError SCXW189689649 BCX4\">5:GFP<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\">-positive <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW189689649 BCX4\">mesendoderm<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\"> from 6 to 13 hours post-fertilization (<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW189689649 BCX4\">hpf<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\">), assembled from single cell RNA-seq data at 6, 8, 10 and 13 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW189689649 BCX4\">hpf<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\"> data.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW189689649 BCX4\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div  class=\"ult_tabitemname\"  >\n\t\t\t\t[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20px&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\">Trainees working on this project: <\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW259814203 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW259814203 BCX4\">Esra Erkut, Casey Carlisle, Simon Monis (Wilson Lab), Laura McDonald<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"hr-thick\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"gap\" style=\"line-height: 15px; height: 15px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #999999\">Subsequent to cardiac lineage commitment, cardiac progenitor cells must be diversified to form the various components of the heart. Our lab was amongst the first to demonstrate that zebrafish heart development occurs via two waves of addition of cells from the so-called first and second heart fields (FHF and SHF), as is true in mammals. Subsequently, these cells differentiate to form the structures of the heart. We are utilizing a comparative genomics approach to identify genes and gene regulatory elements (enhancers) conserved in cardiac expression\/activity from zebrafish to human. These conserved elements are being examined for activity in transgenic and mutant models we are generating. We are in particular prioritizing enhancers with ultrarare variants in patients with congenital heart disease. Long-term goals include creating zebrafish models of congenital heart disease for functional and small molecule therapeutic screens, annotating non-coding variants associated with human disease, and identifying genes and enhancers that may play roles in cardiac regeneration.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<section class=\"shortcode-teaser frame-on fadeIn animate-element\"><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-img\"><a class=\"layzr-bg rollover rollover-zoom dt-pswp-item\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/aCNE20-enhancer-heart-48hpf-1-copy.jpg\" title=\"\" data-dt-img-description=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 250 328&#039;%2F%3E\" width=\"250\" height=\"328\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/aCNE20-enhancer-heart-48hpf-1-copy.jpg 250w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/aCNE20-enhancer-heart-48hpf-1-copy.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-content text-big\"><p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\">aCNE20 enhancer heart 48hpf: Cardiac specific activity in a 48hpf zebrafish heart of a conserved human element linked to the\u00a0<i>TBX20\u00a0<\/i>gene.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<section class=\"shortcode-teaser frame-on fadeIn animate-element\"><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-img\"><a class=\"layzr-bg rollover rollover-zoom dt-pswp-item\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/aCNE20-mutant-phenotypes.png\" title=\"\" data-dt-img-description=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 851 309&#039;%2F%3E\" width=\"851\" height=\"309\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/aCNE20-mutant-phenotypes.png 851w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/aCNE20-mutant-phenotypes.png\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-content text-big\"><p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\">aCNE20 mutant phenotypes: Spectrum of cardiac defects in zebrafish mutants lacking both copies of a conserved\u00a0<i>tbx20\u00a0<\/i>enhancer.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div  class=\"ult_tabitemname\"  >\n\t\t\t\t[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20px&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\">Trainees working on this project:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW259814203 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW259814203 BCX4\">Gwynn McLeod<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"hr-thick\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"gap\" style=\"line-height: 15px; height: 15px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our recent work has shown an important bifurcation in the development of an early cardiopharyngeal progenitor pool where <em>gata5 <\/em>expression is maintained in future cardiac cells while it is turned off in future pharyngeal mesoderm (where <em>tbx1 <\/em>is expressed). Given the known role of Tbx1 in pharyngeal and craniofacial development, we are further examining this key point in development by 1) defining regulatory elements that control <em>gata5 <\/em>and <em>tbx1 <\/em>expression; and 2) elucidating the gene regulatory network downstream of Tbx1 in pharyngeal progenitors. We are interesting is discovering how mutations in conserved gene regulatory elements and Tbx1 target genes can affect the severity of congenital heart disease and orofacial clefting including in 22q deletion syndrome (where TBX1 is affected).<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<section class=\"shortcode-teaser frame-on fadeIn animate-element\"><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-img\"><a class=\"layzr-bg rollover rollover-zoom dt-pswp-item\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/CPM-lineage.png\" title=\"\" data-dt-img-description=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 722 367&#039;%2F%3E\" width=\"722\" height=\"367\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/CPM-lineage.png 722w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/CPM-lineage.png\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-content text-big\"><p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\">Diversification of cardiopharyngeal mesoderm progenitors must be tightly regulated for proper development of cardiac and craniofacial structures.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<section class=\"shortcode-teaser frame-on fadeIn animate-element\"><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-img\"><a class=\"layzr-bg rollover rollover-zoom dt-pswp-item\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/Gata5-vs-Tbx1-expn-13hpf.png\" title=\"\" data-dt-img-description=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 1075 318&#039;%2F%3E\" width=\"1075\" height=\"318\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/Gata5-vs-Tbx1-expn-13hpf.png 1075w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/Gata5-vs-Tbx1-expn-13hpf.png\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-content text-big\"><p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\">Gata5 vs Tbx1 expression: Tightly regulated expression of\u00a0<i>gata5\u00a0<\/i>and\u00a0<i>tbx1\u00a0<\/i>is essential for diversification of cardiopharyngeal progenitors.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult_acord advanced-tabs-desc-wrap-5882\">\n   <div class=\"ult-tabto-accordion \" style=\"width:;\"\n    data-titlecolor=\"#000000\"  data-titlebg=\"#c1c1c1\"\n     data-titlehoverbg=\"#878787\" data-titlehovercolor=\"#fcfcfc\" data-animation=\"Slide\"\n     data-activetitle=\"#000000\" data-activeicon=\"\" data-activebg=\"#de4561\" data-scroll = \"on\" data-activeindex=\"1\" >\n     <dl><dt class=\"\">\n        \t<a class=\"ult-tabto-actitle withBorder ult_a\" id=\"1591287817009-6\" style=\"color:#000000;border-color:#f7f7f7;;background-color:#c1c1c1;border-bottom-color:transparent;border-bottom-width:0px;border-bottom-style:solid;\" href=\"#1591287817009-6\">\n        \t\t<i class=\"accordion-icon\"><\/i>\n        \t\t\t<span class=\"ult_tab_main ult_ac_mainBoth\">\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span  data-ultimate-target='#advanced-tabs-wrap-8205 .ult-span-text'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:18px;\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"ult-span-text ult_acordian-text ult-responsive\" style=\";color:inherit \" >Early Cardiac Lineages<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <div class=\"aio-icon none \" style=\"color:#74777b;font-size:15px;\" data-iconcolor=\"#74777b\" data-iconhover=\"#ffffff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t   <i class=\"    ult_tab_icon\"  ><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/dt>\n            \t\t<dd class=\"ult-tabto-accordionItem ult-tabto-accolapsed\">\n\t\t\t            <div class=\"ult-tabto-acontent\" style=\"color:#f4f4f4;\">\n\t\t\t               [vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20px&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\">Trainees working on this project: <\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\">Nathan Stutt, Gwynn McLeod, Simon Monis (Wilson Lab)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"hr-thick\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"gap\" style=\"line-height: 15px; height: 15px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW129987073 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW129987073 BCX4\">We have a major interest in the earliest events of heart development that regulate how cardiac progenitors, the building blocks of the heart, are first specified and diversified. Our early work with the <em>grinch<\/em> mutant has shown that function of the Apelin receptor GPCR (Aplnr) is essential for cardiac development, with <em>aplnr\/a\/b<\/em> mutants being heartless. This appears to be due to defects in the cardiac lineage at the earliest events of development, as gastrulation is progressing. To address this, we collaborate with the lab of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wilsonlab.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. Michael Wilson<\/a><\/strong> at SickKids to undertake single-cell RNAseq and ATACseq analysis of the initial stages of cardiac development in both wild type and heartless (aplnra\/b and gata5\/6 loss-of-function) models. We have found that regulation of gata5 expression is a key event in diversification of cardiopharyngeal lineages, a mechanism that we are actively studying. This work will lead to the key gene regulatory networks that govern the earliest events of cardiac lineage specification.<\/span><\/span><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20px&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<section class=\"shortcode-teaser frame-on fadeIn animate-element\"><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-img\"><a class=\"layzr-bg rollover rollover-zoom dt-pswp-item\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2020\/06\/gata5GFP_irx1b_cyp26c1_13hpf-e1591300767373.jpg\" title=\"Patterning of the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm at 13 hours post-fertilization: gata5:GFP-positive cardiac mesoderm is in close proximity to irx1b and cyp26c1 expressing pharyngeal mesoderm.\" data-dt-img-description=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 800 800&#039;%2F%3E\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" alt=\"Patterning of the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm at 13 hours post-fertilization: gata5:GFP-positive cardiac mesoderm is in close proximity to irx1b and cyp26c1 expressing pharyngeal mesoderm.\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2020\/06\/gata5GFP_irx1b_cyp26c1_13hpf-e1591300767373.jpg 800w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2020\/06\/gata5GFP_irx1b_cyp26c1_13hpf-e1591300767373.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-content text-normal\"><p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\">Patterning of the <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW253080630 BCX4\">cardiopharyngeal<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\"> mesoderm at 13 hours post-fertilization: <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\">gata<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"ContextualSpellingAndGrammarError SCXW253080630 BCX4\">5:GFP<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\">-positive cardiac mesoderm is in close proximity to <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\">irx1b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\"> and <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\">cyp26c1 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253080630 BCX4\">expressing pharyngeal mesoderm.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW253080630 BCX4\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<section class=\"shortcode-teaser frame-on fadeIn animate-element\"><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-img\"><a class=\"layzr-bg rollover rollover-zoom dt-pswp-item\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2020\/06\/6_to_13hpf_lineage-scaled-e1591300829136.jpg\" title=\"Lineage progression of gata5:GFP-positive mesendoderm from 6 to 13 hours post-fertilization (hpf), assembled from single cell RNA-seq data at 6, 8, 10 and 13 hpf data.\" data-dt-img-description=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 799 799&#039;%2F%3E\" width=\"799\" height=\"799\" alt=\"Lineage progression of gata5:GFP-positive mesendoderm from 6 to 13 hours post-fertilization (hpf), assembled from single cell RNA-seq data at 6, 8, 10 and 13 hpf data.\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2020\/06\/6_to_13hpf_lineage-scaled-e1591300829136.jpg 799w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2020\/06\/6_to_13hpf_lineage-scaled-e1591300829136.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-content text-normal\"><p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\">Lineage progression of <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\">gata<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"ContextualSpellingAndGrammarError SCXW189689649 BCX4\">5:GFP<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\">-positive <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW189689649 BCX4\">mesendoderm<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\"> from 6 to 13 hours post-fertilization (<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW189689649 BCX4\">hpf<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\">), assembled from single cell RNA-seq data at 6, 8, 10 and 13 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW189689649 BCX4\">hpf<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW189689649 BCX4\"> data.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW189689649 BCX4\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]\n\t\t\t            <\/div>\n        \t<\/dd><dt class=\"\">\n        \t<a class=\"ult-tabto-actitle withBorder ult_a\" id=\"1591287817040-2\" style=\"color:#000000;border-color:#f7f7f7;;background-color:#c1c1c1;border-bottom-color:transparent;border-bottom-width:0px;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:transparent;border-bottom-width:0px;border-bottom-style:solid;\" href=\"#1591287817040-2\">\n        \t\t<i class=\"accordion-icon\"><\/i>\n        \t\t\t<span class=\"ult_tab_main ult_ac_mainBoth\">\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span  data-ultimate-target='#advanced-tabs-wrap-8205 .ult-span-text'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:18px;\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"ult-span-text ult_acordian-text ult-responsive\" style=\";color:inherit \" >Conserved Enhancers in Heart Development and Disease<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <div class=\"aio-icon none \" style=\"color:#74777b;font-size:15px;\" data-iconcolor=\"#74777b\" data-iconhover=\"#ffffff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t   <i class=\"    ult_tab_icon\"  ><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/dt>\n            \t\t<dd class=\"ult-tabto-accordionItem ult-tabto-accolapsed\">\n\t\t\t            <div class=\"ult-tabto-acontent\" style=\"color:#f4f4f4;\">\n\t\t\t               [vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20px&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\">Trainees working on this project: <\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW259814203 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW259814203 BCX4\">Esra Erkut, Casey Carlisle, Simon Monis (Wilson Lab), Laura McDonald<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"hr-thick\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"gap\" style=\"line-height: 15px; height: 15px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #999999\">Subsequent to cardiac lineage commitment, cardiac progenitor cells must be diversified to form the various components of the heart. Our lab was amongst the first to demonstrate that zebrafish heart development occurs via two waves of addition of cells from the so-called first and second heart fields (FHF and SHF), as is true in mammals. Subsequently, these cells differentiate to form the structures of the heart. We are utilizing a comparative genomics approach to identify genes and gene regulatory elements (enhancers) conserved in cardiac expression\/activity from zebrafish to human. These conserved elements are being examined for activity in transgenic and mutant models we are generating. We are in particular prioritizing enhancers with ultrarare variants in patients with congenital heart disease. Long-term goals include creating zebrafish models of congenital heart disease for functional and small molecule therapeutic screens, annotating non-coding variants associated with human disease, and identifying genes and enhancers that may play roles in cardiac regeneration.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<section class=\"shortcode-teaser frame-on fadeIn animate-element\"><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-img\"><a class=\"layzr-bg rollover rollover-zoom dt-pswp-item\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/aCNE20-enhancer-heart-48hpf-1-copy.jpg\" title=\"\" data-dt-img-description=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 250 328&#039;%2F%3E\" width=\"250\" height=\"328\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/aCNE20-enhancer-heart-48hpf-1-copy.jpg 250w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/aCNE20-enhancer-heart-48hpf-1-copy.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-content text-big\"><p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\">aCNE20 enhancer heart 48hpf: Cardiac specific activity in a 48hpf zebrafish heart of a conserved human element linked to the\u00a0<i>TBX20\u00a0<\/i>gene.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<section class=\"shortcode-teaser frame-on fadeIn animate-element\"><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-img\"><a class=\"layzr-bg rollover rollover-zoom dt-pswp-item\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/aCNE20-mutant-phenotypes.png\" title=\"\" data-dt-img-description=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 851 309&#039;%2F%3E\" width=\"851\" height=\"309\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/aCNE20-mutant-phenotypes.png 851w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/aCNE20-mutant-phenotypes.png\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-content text-big\"><p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\">aCNE20 mutant phenotypes: Spectrum of cardiac defects in zebrafish mutants lacking both copies of a conserved\u00a0<i>tbx20\u00a0<\/i>enhancer.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]\n\t\t\t            <\/div>\n        \t<\/dd><dt class=\"\">\n        \t<a class=\"ult-tabto-actitle withBorder ult_a\" id=\"1591287883343-2-6\" style=\"color:#000000;border-color:#f7f7f7;;background-color:#c1c1c1;border-bottom-color:transparent;border-bottom-width:0px;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:transparent;border-bottom-width:0px;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:transparent;border-bottom-width:0px;border-bottom-style:solid;\" href=\"#1591287883343-2-6\">\n        \t\t<i class=\"accordion-icon\"><\/i>\n        \t\t\t<span class=\"ult_tab_main ult_ac_mainBoth\">\n\t\t\t\t\t   <span  data-ultimate-target='#advanced-tabs-wrap-8205 .ult-span-text'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:18px;\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"ult-span-text ult_acordian-text ult-responsive\" style=\";color:inherit \" >Cardiopharyngeal Development<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <div class=\"aio-icon none \" style=\"color:#74777b;font-size:15px;\" data-iconcolor=\"#74777b\" data-iconhover=\"#ffffff\">\n\t\t\t\t\t   <i class=\"    ult_tab_icon\"  ><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t   <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/dt>\n            \t\t<dd class=\"ult-tabto-accordionItem ult-tabto-accolapsed\">\n\t\t\t            <div class=\"ult-tabto-acontent\" style=\"color:#f4f4f4;\">\n\t\t\t               [vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20px&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\">Trainees working on this project:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21625358 BCX4\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW259814203 BCX4\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW259814203 BCX4\">Gwynn McLeod<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"hr-thick\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"gap\" style=\"line-height: 15px; height: 15px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our recent work has shown an important bifurcation in the development of an early cardiopharyngeal progenitor pool where <em>gata5 <\/em>expression is maintained in future cardiac cells while it is turned off in future pharyngeal mesoderm (where <em>tbx1 <\/em>is expressed). Given the known role of Tbx1 in pharyngeal and craniofacial development, we are further examining this key point in development by 1) defining regulatory elements that control <em>gata5 <\/em>and <em>tbx1 <\/em>expression; and 2) elucidating the gene regulatory network downstream of Tbx1 in pharyngeal progenitors. We are interesting is discovering how mutations in conserved gene regulatory elements and Tbx1 target genes can affect the severity of congenital heart disease and orofacial clefting including in 22q deletion syndrome (where TBX1 is affected).<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<section class=\"shortcode-teaser frame-on fadeIn animate-element\"><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-img\"><a class=\"layzr-bg rollover rollover-zoom dt-pswp-item\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/CPM-lineage.png\" title=\"\" data-dt-img-description=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 722 367&#039;%2F%3E\" width=\"722\" height=\"367\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/CPM-lineage.png 722w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/CPM-lineage.png\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-content text-big\"><p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\">Diversification of cardiopharyngeal mesoderm progenitors must be tightly regulated for proper development of cardiac and craniofacial structures.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<section class=\"shortcode-teaser frame-on fadeIn animate-element\"><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-img\"><a class=\"layzr-bg rollover rollover-zoom dt-pswp-item\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/Gata5-vs-Tbx1-expn-13hpf.png\" title=\"\" data-dt-img-description=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 1075 318&#039;%2F%3E\" width=\"1075\" height=\"318\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/Gata5-vs-Tbx1-expn-13hpf.png 1075w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2025\/11\/Gata5-vs-Tbx1-expn-13hpf.png\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-teaser-content text-big\"><p><span style=\"color: #a0a0a0\">Gata5 vs Tbx1 expression: Tightly regulated expression of\u00a0<i>gata5\u00a0<\/i>and\u00a0<i>tbx1\u00a0<\/i>is essential for diversification of cardiopharyngeal progenitors.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]\n\t\t\t            <\/div>\n        \t<\/dd>\n    \t<\/dl>\n    <!--<div class=\"extraborder\" style=\"background-color:#878787\"><\/div>-->\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;197&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; style=&#8221;vc_box_shadow&#8221; onclick=&#8221;custom_link&#8221; img_link_target=&#8221;_blank&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; link=&#8221;https:\/\/cihr-irsc.gc.ca\/e\/193.html&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;198&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; style=&#8221;vc_box_shadow&#8221; onclick=&#8221;custom_link&#8221; img_link_target=&#8221;_blank&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; link=&#8221;https:\/\/www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca\/index_eng.asp&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;200&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; style=&#8221;vc_box_shadow&#8221; onclick=&#8221;custom_link&#8221; img_link_target=&#8221;_blank&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; link=&#8221;https:\/\/www.sickkidsfoundation.com&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;16&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; image_hovers=&#8221;false&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221;] Research projects [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20px&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221;] We use a number of approaches to carry out our research, including creation of numerous mutant and transgenic lines to examine gene function and image cells as they build the heart in real time. In collaboration with Dr.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-27","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","description-off"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Research - Ian Scott Lab<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lab.research.sickkids.ca\/scott\/research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;16&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; image_hovers=&#8221;false&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221;] Research projects [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20px&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221;] We use a number of approaches to carry out our research, including creation of numerous mutant and transgenic lines to examine gene function and image cells as they build the heart in real time. 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